If the hot water heater is not working one of the thermostats may be bad.
Thermostat hot water heater electric.
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An electric water heater has one or two thermostats depending on the gallon size of the tank.
How to set the upper and lower thermostats on dual element water heaters.
The top element heats the water first and then the bottom element kicks in.
How electric water heater thermostats work.
If the thermostats are okay you need to test the water heater elements.
The thermostats regulate the temperature of the water by turning off and on the heating elements.
Usually when the upper thermostat goes bad you will have no hot water at all while a bad lower thermostat makes itself known when there is only a small amount of hot water before the tap water goes cold.
You can test them with the power off using an ohmmeter to measure resistance or with the power on using a voltmeter to measure voltage.
Testing is the only option if you want to determine whether or not one or both of them has failed.
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Many modern homes come with dual element water heaters.
Electric water heaters are high voltage 240 volt appliances that are dangerous to work with when the power is on.
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Electric water heaters have one or two elements and each is controlled by a thermostat.
A dual element water heater uses two heating elements controlled.
Electric water heater thermostats are a fairly simple devices that can fail from time to time.
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Most electric hot water tanks have two elements and two thermostats.
An electric water heater thermostat tells the heating elements when to heat up.
The elements do not heat up at the same time.